Applying for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) can seem daunting for individuals unable to work due to a disability. The multi-stage process requires attention to detail and proper documentation to improve your chances of approval.
The Social Security Administration (SSA) has established a structured system to evaluate SSDI claims, involving both non-medical and medical eligibility determinations. Understanding each step of the process can help applicants prepare appropriately and set realistic expectations about timelines.
Starting your application
The SSDI process begins when you or your authorized representative first contacts the Social Security Administration. This initial contact establishes your protective filing date, which is important for determining when benefits might start if your application is approved.
You can initiate contact in person at a local SSA office, by phone, fax, mail or through online submission. After establishing your protective filing date, you must complete and submit your full application within 60 days.
Non-medical eligibility review
Once your application is received, an SSA claims representative examines your non-medical information. This includes verification of your work history, current employment status and income details to determine if you meet the program’s basic requirements.
The representative checks whether you have worked long enough and recently enough to qualify for SSDI based on your work credits. They also verify that your current income falls below substantial gainful activity (SGA) limits.
Medical determination process
If you meet the non-medical criteria, SSA forwards your application to your state’s Disability Determination Services (DDS). This agency works under contract with SSA to make medical eligibility decisions.
DDS assigns a disability examiner who collects and reviews your medical records from all treatment providers you have listed. The examiner evaluates medical, functional, work and other relevant information to determine whether your condition meets SSA’s definition of disability.
Final decision
After reviewing all evidence, the DDS returns your electronic record to the initiating SSA office with a decision on medical eligibility. SSA then notifies you of the determination by letter.
If approved, you may need to visit an SSA office to confirm information or establish a representative payee if needed. If denied, the letter will explain appeal options and deadlines. In either case, seeking legal guidance can be valuable, particularly if you need to appeal an unfavorable decision.